The Pentateuch (Greek: πεντάτευχος — pentateuchos letters. "the Pentateuch") is a two—part word composed of (Greek. πεντε — pente letters. "five") and (Greek. τευχος — teuhos letters. "volume of the Book"); the title "Pentateuch" is translated into Hebrew as (Hebrew: Hamisha humshei Torah lit. "five fifths of the Torah"), or (Hebrew: חֻמָּשׁ — humash lit. "five"), or (Hebrew: ספר תורת משהה - Sefer Torat Moshe lit. The Scroll of the Mosaic Torah) — the first five books of the Hebrew The Tanakh and the Christian Bibles: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy is the first third of the Jewish Tanakh Torah.
| Иврит | Транскрипция | Перевод | Русский | Ц.-слав. | Латынь | Древнегреческий |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בְּרֵאשִׁית | Бе-решит | В начале | Бытие | Бытїѐ | Genesis | Γένεσις |
| שְׁמוֹת | Шмот | Имена | Исход | Исхо́дъ | Exodus | Ἔξοδος |
| וַיִּקְרָא | Ва-йикра | И воззвал | Левит | Левíтъ | Leviticus | Λευιτικόν |
| בְּמִדְבַּר | Бе-мидбар | В пустыне | Числа | Чи́сла | Numeri | Ἀριθμοί |
| דְּבָרִים | Дварим | Слова | Второзаконие | Второзако́нїе | Deuteronomium | Δευτερονόμιον |
Contents of the books of the Pentateuch
- 1 - Be-decides (Book of Genesis)— the first book of the Torah, the Old Testament, and the entire Bible. The book of Genesis describes the creation of the world and all living things, as well as the creation of the first people. — Adam and Eve, the first sin (the fall), the expulsion from the Garden of Eden (see also Adam and Eve). History Cain and Abel. This is followed in chronological order by a description of the generations before Noah. Description of the global flood. The Life of the Patriarchs (forefathers and foremothers of the future Jewish people) — Abraham, his son Isaac and James. The Creator gives them a promise to bless their offspring for all time, as well as to grant them the land of Canaan "... as long as the heavens above the earth exist." At the end of the book, all the twelve tribes of Israel are described, their lives Joseph's stay in Egypt ends with the relocation of Jacob's family to Egypt and the death of Jacob.
- 2 - Shmot (The Book of Exodus) — history The exodus of the people of Israel from Egypt under the leadership of Moses. The book describes: the spiritual path of Moses, the ten plagues of Egypt, and the Exodus itself. The following is a description of the giving of the Torah to the Jewish people on Mount Sinai. Moses receives from the Creator the tablets of the covenant with the Ten Commandments. During Moses' stay on Mount Sinai, the children of Israel created a golden calf, as a result of which the first tablets were broken. After all the people repented of what they had done, the Almighty granted the people forgiveness, and Moses again ascended Mount Sinai to receive new tablets. The second tablets of the Covenant were received on the tenth day of Tishrei, which was called Yom Kippur ("Day of Atonement"). The book also describes in detail the structure of the tabernacle of the covenant.
- 3-Wa-yikra (Book of Leviticus) — it is mainly devoted to priestly legislation and temple service. This is followed by the laws of spiritual purity and impurity, including the laws of: Kashrut, Yom Kippur, etc.
- 4 - Be-Midbar (Book of Numbers) — it is dedicated to the forty-year journey of the Jews through the desert before entering the land of Israel: from the beginning of the second month of the second year to the eleventh month of the fortieth year. Then the children of Israel come out of the desert and go around the kingdoms Moab and Edom to the promised land. Then Israel's opposition to Balak, the ruler, is described. Moab — and the prophet Balaam, the fall of the tribe of Shimon. Having won, the Jews head to the kingdoms Rsa and Sihona (Transjordan kingdoms). After defeating them, the Israelites finally approach the borders of Canaan.
- 5 - Dvarim (Deuteronomy) — the final book of the Pentateuch. The main part of it is instructions and prophecies to the children of Israel for all future generations. Moses went up to the very Jordan could see the whole land of Israel, however, as the Lord had predicted, Moses was not destined to enter it. The book, and the entire Pentateuch, ends with the death of Moses.